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Pain Relief: Psychology, Evaluation, and Evidence-Based Interventions - Test
by David Cosio, Ph.D., ABPP

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1. Each individual's experience of pain and its expression is a product of:	Help
The sensory experience. The person's personal background. The meaning it has for the individual. All of the above

2. In 2007, an exploratory model of analgesic problem-solving was proposed, which helps to capture all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
How normal pain operates to interrupt attention. How abnormal pain operates to maintain attention. Promote problem-solving behaviors that are impassive and persevering. All of the above are correct.

3. Which of the following is NOT a non-physiological factor that contributes to the perception of pain:	Help
Personality Cognitions and beliefs Behaviors Emotional reactivity

4. There are several mechanisms of change involved in psychotherapy, which include all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
The physiological process Change through cognitions Change in covert behavior Addressing emotional reactivity

5. Which of the following is NOT true about Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) Transactional Model?	Help
It is one of the most comprehensive theories of stress and coping in the psychological literature. It has received significant empirical attention in chronically ill populations. It assumes that it is a transactional process when a patient perceives a threat. It assumes there is a reappraisal which determines the effectiveness of the coping strategy and the patient's psychological adjustment.

6. Which of the following three-factor constructs define catastrophic thinking?	Help
Rumination, magnification, and helplessness Rumination, minimization, and helplessness Rationalization, magnification, and helplessness Rationalization, minimization, and helplessness

7. Among people with chronic pain, all BUT which of the following are warning signs for suicide to look out for?	Help
Talking about wanting to hurt or kill oneself Trying to get pills, guns, or other ways to harm oneself Acting in a respectful and responsible way Saying or feeling there's no reason for living

8. There are several reasons people who suffer from pain are at times deemed difficult, including they have:	Help
Been mistreated, robbed, or ignored. Personality conflicts. Lack of trust, information, or communication. All of the above

9. Which of the following has been commonly associated with patients experiencing stigma related to their chronic pain?	Help
Improved relationships Depression PTSD Higher rates of divorce

10. Which of the following is NOT one of the treatment approaches developed involving family members?	Help
Operant-behavioral treatment Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) Family-oriented therapies based on psychodynamic theory Structural family therapy

11. The research literature suggests that there are particular pain groups for whom there is greater stigmatization. Which group is NOT one of these groups?	Help
Chronic facial pain Stroke Nonspecific low back pain Somatoform disorder

12. Intersectionality requires a shift in provider thinking from dominant frameworks to frameworks that are mindful of axes of identity and structural inequality. Which of the following is NOT an axis of privilege discussed in this course:	Help
Sexism/genderism Colorism Ableism Classism

13. All of the following are TRUE about depression EXCEPT:	Help
It is the mental health disorder that has generated the most research. It has theoretical interest among people who suffer from chronic pain. It is the 5th leading cause of disability worldwide. When a pain condition is more defined there is less depression reported compared with medically unexplained pain.

14. Of the following four major classes of medications which one is NOT helpful in the treatment of anxiety disorders?	Help
Antipsychotics Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

15. According to the APA, all of the following therapies have research evidence support for the psychological treatment of PTSD, EXCEPT:	Help
Prolonged Exposure (PE). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). Seeking Safety.

16. Which of the following is NOT a factor that may contribute to somatic symptom disorders.	Help
Genetic/ biological vulnerability Violence, abuse, and deprivation Reinforcement of all expressions Cultural/social norms

17. The essential feature of a personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture and is manifested in at least two of the following areas. Which area is NOT counted toward a diagnosis?	Help
Cognition Affectivity Impulse control All of the above are counted.

18. The substance-related disorders encompass ten separate classes of drugs, but does NOT include which of the following:	Help
Alcohol Cannabis Food Tobacco

19. The CDC has also recommended that prescribers use which of the following risk mitigation strategies when prescribing opioids:	Help
Data from the prescription drug monitoring program Urine drug screening Opioid pain agreements All of the above

20. In the early to mid-1900's, Schneider reported a lack of pain sensitivity among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, which has also been increasingly reported in clinical experiences by surgeons and internists for a variety of medical conditions or procedures, including:	Help
3rd degree burns. Cancer. Fissures. Myocardial infarction.

21. The diagnosis of a sleep-wake disorder is reserved for conditions identified with polysomnographic evidence. A polygraph machine records change in bioelectric potentials using all of the following instruments, EXCEPT:	Help
An encephalogram (EEG) measuring brain waves. An electro-oculogram (EOG) measures eye movements. An electromyogram (EMG) measures muscle activity. A pedometer measures the sleeper's leg movements.

22. Which of the following conditions is the most common comorbid medical condition diagnosed in individuals with bipolar disorder compared to the general population?	Help
Migraines Lower back pain Arthritis Hip problems

23. Which of the following is NOT a subtype of mild neurocognitive disorders:	Help
Lewy bodies Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Prion disease

24. Which of the following is one of the two new disorders that have been added to the DSM-5 chapter on Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders:	Help
Body dysmorphic Trichotillomania Excoriation Substance/medication-induced

25. The consensus of experts is that phase-oriented treatment is most effective when treating dissociative identity disorder, which does NOT include which of the following stages:	Help
Symptom reduction using medications Working through and integrating traumatic memories Integration and rehabilitation All of the above are stages.

26. The most common reasons for the violence towards physicians and health professionals include all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Drug-seeking behaviors and confrontations over the issue. Long waits for service in physician offices. Satisfaction or pleasure with care or outcomes. The physician's refusal to endorse a report of disability.

27. Despite numerous studies documenting a strong association between chronic pain and psychopathology, there is still scant research for certain mental health categories, EXCEPT:	Help
Neurodevelopmental. Somatic symptom disorders. Paraphilic. Process addictive disorders.

28. Which of the following is FALSE about Autism spectrum disorder?	Help
It encompasses adulthood disintegrative and developmental disorders. It is characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction. It includes restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities. All the above are TRUE.

29. A treatment plan for feeding and eating disorders may include the following treatments, EXCEPT:	Help
Psychotherapy. Nutrition education. Hospitalization or day programs. All of the above are treatments.

30. The most common treatments for elimination disorders include the following, EXCEPT:	Help
Psychodynamic therapy. Reward systems. Moisture alarms and sensors. Dietary changes.

31. Different services may be offered to address sexual dysfunction, including the following, EXCEPT:	Help
Sex with the therapist. Sensate focus. Vacuum devices. Pharmacological agents and herbs.

32. Gender dysphoria is treated with which one of the following?	Help
Psychotherapy Hormone therapy Surgery All of the above

33. Which of the following statements is TRUE about paraphilic disorders?	Help
There is no distinction between paraphilias and "paraphilic disorders." The DSM-5 automatically labels nonnormative sexual behavior as psychopathological. A paraphilic disorder is a paraphilia that is currently causing distress. Paraphilias are in themselves mental disorders.

34. Despite there being only two current disorders in the DSM-5 which are considered "process" addictive disorders, other types found in the literature, include which of the following:	Help
Gambling disorder Internet gaming disorder Shopping/spending All of the above are process addictive disorders.

35. In 2007, a classification of psychological techniques was developed, based on whichever component of pain is the focus of treatment, including all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Sensory. Physical. Affective. Cognitive.

36. Treatments that focus on the sensory component mainly aim to attain a change in the sensation of pain by modifying its emotional and cognitive meaning. There are several psychological techniques that fall under this category, including all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Hypnosis/Auto-suggestion. Relaxation/Biofeedback. Disruption/dislocation. Mindfulness/Yoga.

37. Which of the following is NOT a psychological technique that addresses the affective component?	Help
Support Groups Existential Therapy Gestalt Therapy Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET)

38. A systematic review of the literature has shown a range of studies which have investigated the use of short-term dynamic psychotherapy for the treatment of somatic conditions, including the following EXCEPT :	Help
Chronic headaches. Fibromyalgia. Rheumatoid arthritis. Pelvic pain or urethral syndrome.

39. There are several process-based psychotherapeutic approaches used to address the affective component, including all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Creative arts therapy. Pantomime. Psychodrama. Play Therapy

40. There are several psychological techniques informed by the role of the cognitive component of pain according to the original classification. They include all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Psychoeducation. Cognitive attitude-based therapy (CABT). Cognitive coping therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

41. All of the following cognitive-behavioral approaches in pain management integrate mindfulness EXCEPT:	Help
Acceptance & commitment therapy (ACT). Cognitive processing therapy (CPT). Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT).

42. Overall, behavioral therapies are informed by which three theories of learning?	Help
Classical, operant, and social learning Cognitive, operant, and social learning Classical, operation, and societal learning Classical, operant, and sexual learning

43. Environmental therapy (ET) for pain control is achieved through changes in the patient's environment. Which of the following is NOT a type of environmental intervention:	Help
Removal to another clinic location Being moved to a recovery house Making a drawing of a room to be feng shui Changes to wardrobe and a person's aesthetics

44. Several telehealth-ACT interventions have been developed and investigated for the treatment of chronic pain, including all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
SmartACT. Pain Tracker Self-Monitoring (PTSM). Post-Traumatic Stress Management (PTSM). iACT

45. Which of the following is NOT an example of a technique or resource one can use at home to describe ACT concepts to chronic pain patients?	Help
Pen & Paper exercise Person in the Hole metaphor Quicksand metaphor Tug of War with a Monster metaphor

46. Brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group interventions have recently been researched and the current findings indicate all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
A significant decrease in pain interference scores. A significant decrease in pain catastrophizing scores. A significant increase in illness-focused coping scores. No significant differences in pain global distress.

47. Past research has shown that traditional CBT-CP interventions have the following impact in patients with chronic pain, EXCEPT:	Help
Decreases pain intensity. Decreases readiness to adopt a self-management approach. Decreases functional disability. Creates changes in coping.

48. There are several types of mindfulness-based interventions available in the research, including all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Primary Care Brief Mindfulness Training (PCBMT). Mindfulness-based Exposure Therapy (MBET). All of the above are types.

49. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) uses a combination of strategies to help patients become more mindful and accepting of their present moment, including all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Body awareness. Distress tolerance. Mindfulness meditation. Yoga.

50. More recently research has suggested an alternative four-factor model of mindfulness. The four factors include all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Being accepting/non-reactive. Maintaining awareness of the present moment. Thinking about the past and the future simultaneously. Being open/non-avoidant.

51. There are several theories that may help explain the high rates of comorbid chronic pain and PTSD, including all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Shared vulnerability. Mutual maintenance hypothesis. Genetic predisposition. All of the above are theories.

52. There are three primary approaches to treating patients who present with both chronic pain and PTSD, which include all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
The parallel model. The sequential model. The repeated model. All of the above are models.

53. The COVID-19 pandemic has unearthed a serious unmet need for better recognition and treatment of common mental health concerns in patients with chronic pain. Thus, prevention efforts should include which of the following:	Help
Mental health monitoring Psychosocial assessment Psychoeducation All of the above

54. During this type of epidemic, psychosocial assessment and monitoring should include queries about all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Disease-related stressors. Secondary fortunes. Psychosocial effects. Preexisting conditions.

55. There are several potential consequences of noncompliance, including all but which of the following:	Help
Exacerbation of disability Progression of disability Development of complications which lead to medical emergencies Success of treatment

56. Rather than a single factor being correlated with nonadherence, research supports a multivariate interaction. Which one of the following is NOT a factor in this perspective?	Help
Inherent features of the treatment regimen The therapeutic environment Characteristics of the provider Characteristics of the disease or injury

57. Investigators have recommended the use of multiple indicators of adherence, including all but which of the following:	Help
Caregiver measures Behavioral measures Biochemical indices Clinical outcomes

58. Providers may consider several factors when choosing a treatment for pain, including all of the following EXCEPT:	Help
Pain related factors. Individual related factors. Environment factors. All of the above

59. Meta-analytic studies have summarized psychotherapy outcome research and reduced the factors into four areas. Which is NOT one of the four areas?	Help
Provider characteristics Therapeutic relationship Expectancy/placebo/hope Techniques/models

60. All of the following are etiquette tips health care providers can use during telecare, EXCEPT which one?	Help
The provider may need to assist patients in adjusting their environment. The provider should initiate meeting punctually and introduce themselves. The provider needs to look away from the camera when speaking. The provider should speak in a normal tone and slow their pace.

Pain Relief: Psychology, Evaluation, and Evidence-Based Interventions - Test by David Cosio, Ph.D., ABPP

Pain Relief: Psychology, Evaluation, and Evidence-Based Interventions - Test
by David Cosio, Ph.D., ABPP