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North Carolina LCMHCS Jurisprudence Exam - Test
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1. According to the Rules of the Board, the following is allowed when counting hours toward the required 3000 hours of supervised professional practice:	Help
A maximum of 50 of the 100 hours of supervision can be included. Only individual and not group supervision hours can be included. Graduate courses taken in a specialty area can be counted. A maximum of forty hours per week of supervised professional practice can be counted.

2. In each supervisory session, Olivia, LCMHCA, needs to provide her supervisor with "raw data from clinical work". Which of the following modalities would be acceptable?	Help
Audio or video recording of a session Scheduling a session the supervisor can attend as co-therapist Live observation through a one-way mirror All of the above

3. Shawna, LCMHCS, is knowledgeable regarding the hours and type of supervision that her LCMHCA supervisee is required and allowed to have to count toward her licensure. It is therefore included in the Supervision Contract exactly how many hours of individual supervision versus group supervision will be provided. Which one of the following is a correct description of the acceptable hours?

A minimum of one hour of individual supervision or two hours of group supervision is required for every 40 hours of work (direct and indirect counseling work) with 75% of the total hours of her placement comprised of individual supervision.
An average of one hour of individual supervision or two hours of group supervision is required for every 40 hours of work (direct and indirect counseling work) over the course of the total hours of her placement.
100% of the supervision can be group supervision as long as there are 12 or fewer participants in the group. However, the total number of hours of supervision required then is 200.
A minimum of one hour of individual supervision or two hours of group supervision is required for every 40 hours of face-to-face client sessions (direct counseling work) with 50% of the total comprised of individual supervision.

4. A licensed clinical mental health counselor supervisor needs to submit supervision reports for supervisees every ________; and the log of clinical supervision maintained by the supervisor must include the following: _________.

Week; start and stop time of supervision, location of supervision, and the signatures of both supervisor and supervisee
Quarter; a description of the evaluation process, the model of supervision used, and the clients discussed
Quarter; the date, supervision start and stop times, the modality of supervision, and notes of interventions
Month; the supervision start and stop times, the modality of supervision, and notes of interventions utilized

5. Which of the following actions is NOT a service allowed under the definition of the "practice of counseling"?	Help
Administering and interpreting tests for assessment of personal characteristics Settling of conflicts by mediators at community mediation centers Identifying problems requiring referral to other specialists Designing, conducting, and interpreting research with human subjects

6. Emma, a 23 year old, who was very satisfied with the counseling she was receiving from Ben, LCMHC, referred her roommate to Ben. Emma later complained to the Board that during Ben's subsequent sessions with her roommate, information was shared that breached her confidentiality. Which of the following is one of the actions the Board can take during their investigation?	Help
Subpoena individuals and records File a lawsuit against the counselor Arrange for mediation between the client and the counselor Charge Ben for the costs incurred by the Board

7. During the time Tavros, LCMHC, provided counseling services to Client M, he told his client that he would file for out of network insurance benefits so that M would receive reimbursements. M inquired about the filing several times, and each time was told the claims had been filed. Finally, M contacted the practice owner and learned that Tavros had not filed any claims. The NCBLCMHC determined that Tavros was in violation of the NC General Statutes by:

Not asking for help in how to file an out-of-network claim.
Practicing deceit with his client.
Having inexcusable memory lapses.
Lacking a release to send the claims to the insurance provider.

8. Following a hearing by the Board, Kaneesha, LCMHCS, was to immediately stop supervising all mental health professionals for six months. She was required to have her own supervision during the six month period, and submit a new application for licensure as a LCMHCS. Which of the following was the offense that most likely resulted in a complaint to the Board:	Help
Falsifying information and a signature on a Verification of Professional Counseling Experience form to become a LCMHCS. Not completing the continuing education requirements for certification as LCMHCS. Charging more for supervision than other LCMHCS's in her area. All of the above

9. Henry, LCMHCA, consulted his supervisor regarding his clinical assessment and subsequent admission of an 18 year old suicidal client to the hospital. Although the supervisor was explicit in listing the conditions of discharge from the hospital, Henry did not follow them and discharged the client, who almost immediately then died by suicide. Henry's behavior is a basic violation of the Licensed Professional Counselors Act which states grounds for board discipline regarding licensure include:

Practicing professional counseling in such a manner as to endanger the welfare of clients.
Ignoring the directive of the clinical supervisor.
Practicing outside one's boundaries of competence.
None of the above

10. Charlene, LCMHCS, is planning a two week vacation this summer. She asked one of her supervisees to housesit and take care of her 2 dogs and a cat. Charlene thought it was a reasonable trade since she has a very nice house with a lovely view and the supervisee lives in a small apartment. However, she may have violated the LPC Practice Act and the ACS Code of Ethics by:	Help
Not offering to pay the supervisee for the house sitting and dog walking services. Breaching her supervisor-supervisee agreement by taking a vacation. Exercising undue influence to exploit the supervisee for her own personal advantage. None of the above, this is a fine arrangement because the supervisee agreed to take the offer.

11. Ava, a newly licensed clinical mental health counselor associate, contacted her supervisor when she arrived for her first scheduled client session at the women's shelter because she had forgotten to bring her Professional Disclosure Statement. Which of the following statements would reflect the correct response by the supervisor?

A decision to stay for the client's appointment was justified because being late for an appointment is disrespectful of the client.
Ava was unable to provide professional counseling services or receive remuneration because the Professional Disclosure Statement was not provided prior to the session.
Ava could give the client an oral version of her Professional Disclosure Statement and receive verbal consent so there was no problem with charging the fee.
Ava was allowed to use the Professional Disclosure Statement of another LCMHCA who was also on the premises at the shelter.

12. Supervisors are required to present in written form to supervisees information regarding all except which of the following:	Help
The supervisor's credentials The process of supervision A copy of supervisor's own Professional Disclosure Statement Use of electronic communications in connection with providing supervision services

13. The primary purpose of supervision is to:	Help
Help the supervisee develop self-awareness and confidence as a counselor. Oversee the supervisee's provision of professional services to clients. Be a gatekeeper for licensure as a counselor. Impart the supervisor's theoretical framework through clinical experience.

14. Sandra, LCMHCA, disclosed in supervision that she had been getting increasingly depressed and anxious due to family issues. The supervisor, following the ACS code of Ethics, did which of the following?	Help
Listened and then discussed how this might be impacting her care of clients. Reassured her this is not uncommon in the field of mental health. Suggested she try an antidepressant to get better faster. All of the above

15. According to the ACS, if a supervisee has more than one supervisor (e.g., field placement, university) the supervisors are to:	Help
Avoid communicating so they are not biased in their evaluations. Obtain written consent to allow for exchange of information. Wait until there is a concern or need to contact the other supervisor(s) Ask the supervisee if they would like you to communicate with the other supervisor.

16. Martin, a new counselor associate (LCMHCA), informed his supervisor about a session the previous day in which his client had suicidal ideation. The supervisor's first reaction was anger that they were not informed at the time of the session the previous day. The supervisor then realized that they had not provided Martin which of the following requirements under the ACS Code?	Help
An assessment of client's danger to self or others Procedures for handling crisis situations Availability to supervisee at all times All of the above

17. According to the ACA and the ACS Codes of Ethics, supervisors must:

Meet with the clients of their supervisees in order to inform clients of the supervisor's role in supervising and to make sure they agree with the arrangement.
Ensure that supervisees have properly disclosed their status as supervisees to their clients including an explanation of the limits of confidentiality.
Sit in on all sessions in order to meet the live observation requirements for supervision as well as to provide reassurance to the client regarding the quality of the counseling they are receiving.
All of the above

18. Supervisors are expected to provide their supervisees with an established evaluation plan. Which of the following schedules for evaluation is outlined in the ACS Code of Ethics and meets best practices for supervision?

Half-yearly evaluation checklist describing the client outcomes for the supervisee because the outcomes provide the best measure of the supervisee's competence
Ongoing feedback during regular supervision hours and periodic formal evaluations because this gives the supervisee the opportunity to incorporate changes throughout the year
One end of year formal evaluation because the supervisee needs the freedom to try techniques and behaviors without worrying about pleasing the supervisor
The Code states that if supervisors just do what is comfortable for them, their supervisees will do fine.

19. If a supervisor has concerns about whether their supervisee is impaired and their clients may be at risk, it is expected that the supervisor will:	Help
Intervene and render assistance. Advise the supervisee that their next evaluation may be unacceptable for continued employment. Contact the supervisee's clients and inform them of their counselor's impairment. Talk with other staff to find out if they have concerns, also.

20. At the end of the second year of supervised practice, before receiving her final evaluation, Desiree, LCMHCA decided to give her supervisor a gift. She selected a $150 gift card to an expensive restaurant as a show of appreciation, thinking it was impersonal enough to be accepted. Her supervisor, aware of the ethics of receiving gifts:	Help
Accepted with gratitude. Took Desiree out with them to enjoy the gift. Refrained from accepting the gift card. Accepted the gift but did not plan to ever use it themselves.

21. While working at a counseling agency, Chevy, LCMHC, provided his supervisor with a verbal two-week resignation notice. However, he did not return to the counseling agency for the two weeks, and failed to appropriately terminate and transfer his active clients. Which of the following statements about Chevy's behavior is a violation of the ACA Code of Ethics?	Help
He failed to protect the welfare of his clients. He did not provide pretermination counseling. He did not prepare a plan for transfer of his clients. All of the above.

22. During the three months X was providing counseling services to client AM, X engaged in touching AM's arms, temple, and back of head during the session. X would hug AM at the end of the session, and on one occasion gave AM a big kiss on the cheek when AM was leaving the office. X stated these behaviors were part of their interventions. AM however, had never given permission and there was no documentation in the notes regarding this treatment method. Which of the following areas of the ACA Code of Ethics was X in violation of?

Extending counseling boundaries
Documenting boundary extensions
Client welfare
All of the above

23. While Cory, LCMHC, was out on medical leave, his supervisor and owner of the group practice where he worked, opened Corey's mail without authorization by either Cory or the client whom it referred to. Upon seeing there was a subpoena for records, and wanting to avoid any legal entanglement for the practice or his own license, the supervisor/owner withheld the letter and then terminated the counselor. In addition, they blocked Cory's email so he was unable to contact his clients. This action by the LCMHCS constituted which of the following violations of the ACA Code of Ethics?

Client welfare
Respect for confidentiality
Protection from punitive action
All of the above

24. Mr. and Mrs. Lee bring their 15 year old daughter, Kuma, for counseling due to her recent tearfulness, isolation and weight loss following a breakup with her romantic partner. At the initial interview, Mr. and Mrs. Lee tell their counselor that they would like to have family counseling. Kuma has been nonverbal so far in the session, ignoring the counselor's questions and it is not clear that she is agreeable to participating in family sessions. The best ethical decision at this point is to:

Abide by the parents' request and begin family sessions as they have the right to insist on the treatment and their presence will prevent Kuma from manipulating the counselor.
At the end of the session tell the parents that family therapy will not work and that Kuma needs individual therapy.
Open a discussion with Mr. and Mrs. Lee and Kuma of alternative initial modalities Kuma may prefer such as individual or teen group counseling with a tentative goal of family sessions in the future.
Tell Kuma that she can just sit quietly until she feels like participating because the insurance provides unlimited sessions.

25. Brianna, LCMHCS, ran a busy therapy office, which included her hiring of staff to provide therapeutic services. When an anonymous complaint was filed about staff/client abuse, it was found that counseling was provided by unlicensed and unsupervised staff. Brianna's behavior violates the ACA Code of Ethics in her lack of which of the following:	Help
Selection of competent staff and assigning of responsibilities compatible with their skills Monitoring effectiveness of treatment by staff through supervision Prevention of harm to clients All of the above

26. Jonny, LCMHC, is an elder in his church and frequently provided counseling to members of the church. His counseling often enforced and promoted his belief that homosexuality is a sin, which was based on his Biblical belief. According to the ACA Code of Ethics, which of the following would be the ethical approach to a discussion of homosexuality?	Help
Respecting the diversity of clients Avoiding imposing personal values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors Seeking training in areas in which one is at risk of imposing one's own values onto clients especially when they are discriminatory in nature All of the above

27. Counselor T began counseling Client K in June of 2019 and terminated their counseling relationship after 4 months. In 2021 they ran into each other at a holiday celebration and, after a friendly conversation, Client K suggested that they see each other again in a more private non-professional setting. Which of the following actions is most consistent with ethical practice for the counselor?	Help
Tell Client K that it is unethical for them to have a personal relationship within a five year period. Meet with Client K to determine what they actually need or want. Suggest that they have dinner together and discuss client K's concerns. Go to meet the client at the private location but bring a colleague along.

28. Sara, LCMHC, spends time on Facebook with friends and family. One of her current clients requests to be her friend in order to send Sara photos of her activities for the purpose of demonstrating her improved mood and interest in life. Sara agrees to friend her. In the next session, the client comments on Sara's own postings. At this point Sara is aware that there may be a perception that she has a personal, although virtual, relationship with this client. To manage this boundary issue Sara decides to:

Ignore further comments received online or in session referring to the online relationship, hoping the client will take the hint or lose interest.
Request the client keep her online communication to a minimum as Sara is very busy and unable to respond.
Explain that mixing personal and professional relationships is a boundary issue which is prohibited, and that Sara erred in encouraging the online relationship.
Unfriend her client without an explanation so it will look like a mistake.

29. Alonso, LCMHCS, is supervising at a student counseling center. One of his supervisees was assigned a client who turned out to be a former classmate of the supervisee from a few years ago. Alonso's responsibility is to help the supervisee with which of the following behaviors?	Help
Discuss informed consent with a focus on explaining confidentiality and its limits, and offering referral if wanted. Determine if the supervisee has considered all the risks. Document in the client's record the rationale for making this decision, including potential benefits and anticipated consequences. All of the above

30. Counselors working in an organization (e.g., school, agency, institution) that provides counseling do not refer clients to their private practice unless the policies of the organization make explicit provisions for self-referrals. Where there are such provisions in place, the clients must be:	Help
Transferred to another counselor in the organization first, so the relationship is terminated, then call the original counselor's private practice. Offered the option of continuing privately with the same counselor, or staying with the agency. Given other options open to them, as well, if they decide to seek private counseling. None of the above, no agencies allow self-referrals.

31. Joel, LCMHC, recently started his private practice. He posted online his newly established fees based on discussions with colleagues. He did not expect to have difficulty filling his hours with clients, however, the first several clients who called for appointments, were cash paying and not able to afford his full fee. He did not want to start a precedent of reduced fees until he was more established and could afford to take these clients, so the ethical step he took was to:

Tell them to call him in a few weeks and if he could not fill his appointments with higher paying clients he would reconsider.
Inform them that counseling may be beyond their means at this point.
Refer them to comparable, more affordable services.
Refer them to an insurance agent he worked with who can help them purchase some health insurance.

32. The director of a university counseling center was found by the North Carolina Board of Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselors (NCBLCMHC) to have violated the ACA Code of Ethics regarding their treatment of students. Which of their behaviors below was NOT a violation?	Help
Contacted student's parents without the student's consent Scheduled student to be seen on a bi-weekly basis. Misrepresented counseling credentials by using the title of "Dr." when Ph.D. was in biology Used a platform with a student studying abroad that did not meet appropriate encryption standards

33. You are a counselor in a local private practice and one of the clients on your caseload is currently in court proceedings because of an open case with the NC Department of Social Services. Today, the Office Manager hands you a subpoena from the court for your counseling records from work with this client. You do not have a written consent on file from the client to disclose confidential information and have not actually seen the client in over a month. You should:

Disclose all of the contents of the client's file since you know they will not return to counseling and you therefore will not be able to get the written consent.
Attempt to get a written consent from the client and if unsuccessful, try to keep disclosure of confidential information from being required by the court. If this is also unsuccessful, disclose information to the court, but keep it minimal.
Convince the client that they should reveal all of the confidential information that they have shared with you so that you do not have to turn over material from the counseling file.
Ignore the court subpoena and let the case proceed without your participation or release of confidential information.

34. A ten year old child and their mother were referred by a domestic violence center for counseling with Payton, LCMHC. Payton began treatment without considering the legal custody of the child. In fact, a custody court order provided for joint custody in which both parents had the right to make decisions about the child's treatment and with both parents having access to records. In addition, the counselor wrote a letter to the court with custody recommendations, placing themself in the role of evaluator. All EXCEPT which of the following were ethical violations by the counselor?

Not verifying the custody order before starting treatment
Taking on the dual role of therapist and evaluator
Providing a newly learned evidenced-based trauma focused treatment with no experience, but under supervision
Making recommendations to the court based on an incomplete family assessment

35. Respect for confidentiality includes not sharing of client information without appropriate authorization. It is also a breach of confidentiality to do which of the following?	Help
Present a case at a professional conference even with identifying information disguised. Leave mental health records out in plain view or take them home. Discuss session details including name of client with supervisor. All of the above

36. Madison, LCMHCS is training a supervisee who has joined the group practice where she works. As she discusses record keeping, which of the following statements is accurate?

Although services provided and session content are required in writing, client progress should not be documented because the client might disagree.
Clients have the right to examine confidential information in their record, except when access to this information may cause harm to the client.
Counseling records should be destroyed immediately when a client is terminated or a client case is closed.
Because the client record is a confidential document, there is less concern about what to include or not include in the counseling notes.

37. During the course of providing counseling to Client Z and her children, Lorayne, LCMHC, was asked by the court for an assessment of the family. Not understanding this request, she used some evaluation measures and then sent in a document titled, "psychological evaluation." The evaluation conducted was not completed in accordance with professional standards for performing a psychological evaluation. Which of these violations of the ACA Code of Ethics were of concern to the Board?

She was practicing outside her boundaries of competence because psychological evaluations are done by psychologists trained in such testing.
She was treating both the parent and children which is always a boundary issue.
She was acting in a dual role as treating therapist and evaluator.
Both 1 and 3

38. Carol Ann, LCMHC, has been missing supervision appointments and acting more irritable lately. Her supervisor entered her office and found her teary eyed. Carol Ann then disclosed her emotional instability due to her mother's terminal illness, her caregiving responsibilities for her mother, and sleep deprivation. The supervisor's ethical responsibility to Carol Ann and her clients led them to do which of the following?

Tell Carol Ann that as her supervisor, they are duty bound to report her troubles to the Director of the agency.
Share their findings with the rest of the team so they can know what is going on and be sympathetic.
Assist Carol Ann in recognizing her own professional impairment and suggest that time off may be the ethical choice.
Suggest that Carol Ann may benefit from a prescription for a sleep medication.

39. In addition to her job at an agency, Annika, LCMHCS, had a private practice. When a request for records for one of her private clients came to the director of the agency, it was uncovered that Annika was using agency letterhead for correspondence as well as client records. This was determined to be a violation of which section of the ACA Code of Ethics?	Help
Interdisciplinary teams and sharing of information Imposing personal values Accuracy in representing services to the public Maintaining boundaries and professional relationships

40. The ACA Code of Ethics states that "counselors do not use counseling, teaching, training, or supervisory relationships to promote their products or training events in a manner that is deceptive or would exert undue influence…" Based on this section of the Code, which of the following statements is true?	Help
They may not advertise their new techniques and skills. Counselors may produce their own materials such as Relaxation CDs for required purchase by clients. Counselor educators may use textbooks they author in their classrooms. Supervisors may require supervisees to attend their out-of-town trainings.

41. While providing counseling, Theo, LCMHCS, recommended to Client Y that they attend a 10 day retreat facilitated and organized by himself. Although the client was hesitant, Theo encouraged them, telling them as their individual counselor he would look out for them. Theo's recommendation:	Help
Created a conflict of interest because of his financial interest in the program. Exercised undue influence over Client Y when he recommended that his client attend. Involved a role change without informed consent. All of the above

42. Marjorie, LCMHC, was recently hired to join a group practice. Only after starting to see clients in this setting, did she find out that the billing practices were not always above board. For example, insurers were billed if clients did not show for an appointment as well as for telephone sessions conducted without approval by the insurance company. Marjorie utilized an ethical decision-making model to determine the appropriate steps to take in this situation, beginning with reviewing the ACA Code of Ethics for a clear understanding of the section on Negative Conditions. According to the ACA Code, which of the following actions is the NEXT step in Marjorie's plan?

Alert her employer to the inappropriate billing practices and attempt to effect change through constructive action in the organization.
Turn in her resignation after explaining to her employer the reason she cannot work there.
Report the practice to the NCBLCMHC and consider voluntary termination of employment.
Face the reality that everyone does this kind of billing. Otherwise, practices would lose a lot of money on no shows.

43. Joseph, LCMHC, completed a mental health assessment of his client for the purpose of employment with a national security agency. Following the authorized release of the report to the agency, he was again contacted and requested to send his test data for closer review. Joseph's response was to:

Provide the data because it is the client's right to have his data sent to another party.
Refuse to release the test data as it needs to remain secure for the future validity of the tests.
Tell the agency he would release the data only to a mental health professional that is qualified to interpret the data.
Ignore the request because the agency is so bureaucratic they will probably forget to follow up.

44. Anna, LCMHCA, completed an educational assessment of a 12 year old Haitian boy who had recently immigrated to the U.S. In her clinical interview with him she had considered him above average in intelligence and was surprised at the poor scores he obtained in the testing. Her supervisor reviewed the materials with her and pointed out the most likely explanation for the discrepancy was:	Help
The client was probably malingering so he could get extra attention from adults in the school. Anna had probably scored the tests incorrectly. The client may have ADHD and was unable to focus. The tests were not normed on children of his culture.

45. The supervisor-supervisee relationship parallels the counselor- client relationship in which one of the following ways?	Help
Sexual or romantic relationships with supervisees are prohibited for 5 years after terminating the relationship. Supervisors consider the risks/benefits of extending the conventional boundaries. Family members may become supervisees as long as confidentiality is explained. Attending social events together is not considered a boundary issue.

46. One of the faculty members in the graduate department of counseling at the local university teaches the course in Group Counseling Theories and Process. According to an addition to the most recent ACA Code of Ethics, it is also the faculty member's responsibility to:

Provide career advisement for one's students and make them aware of opportunities in the field.
Assess the level of stress of one's students and their management of it during their graduate counseling program.
Discuss with students their family dynamics which might interfere with their success as counselors.
Provide letters of recommendation whether or not they are confident in the student's future performance as a licensed clinical mental health counselor associate.

47. Parker, LCMHCS, is supervising Akeem, LCMHCA in mental health assessment. Akeem comes into Parker's office and shares his data, which the supervisor notices are on test forms that appear to be copies and not original forms. The supervisor's ethical response in this situation is to:

Thank Akeem for his attempt to save the agency the cost of new forms as the budget has been recently cut.
Explain to Akeem that the Code of Ethics prohibits "reproducing test materials without the acknowledgment and permission of the publisher."
Remind Akeem to make sure the copy is "dark enough so that recording errors do not occur" because that is why copies are not acceptable by the Code of Ethics.
No response is necessary because Akeem is simply following agency policy.

48. When providing distance counseling via telephone, which of the following is/are important to consider?	Help
Clarifying emergency procedures when the counselor is not available Cultural and/or language differences that may affect communication Assisting the client in finding local services if the telephone counseling is not satisfactory. All of the above

49. Ethical/Legal issues the counselor keeps in mind when providing distance counseling out-of-state include:	Help
Compliance with the laws and rules of the other state. Limitations of confidentiality and use of encryption methods. Need for verification of the client's identity at every session. All of the above

50. Jared, LCMHCS, found himself romantically attracted to his new supervisee. When they rejected him he began to sexually harass the supervisee. Which is the most relevant ethical standard from the ACA Code of Ethics that Jared violated?	Help
Inform supervisees about the process of supervision including their preferred model. In case of romantic attraction, supervisor must transfer supervisee immediately to another supervisor. Counseling supervisors do not subject supervisees to sexual harassment. Consider all information gained in supervision confidential.

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